Alternative Histories: Narratives from the Middle East and Mediterranean

Syria’s Transnational RebellionDiaspora Politics and the Revolt of 1925-1927

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Published 30 November 2026

About this book

The first transnational study of the Syrian Revolt of 1925-1927

  • Critically examines the cross-border political mobilizations of Syrian diasporic networks in Egypt, Europe, and the Americas during the interwar period.
  • Bridges studies on the Syrian mahjar with histories of Mandate-era Syria and Lebanon by decentring 1920s Mandate politics
  • Decolonizes the study of post-World War I liberal internationalism and the League of Nations
  • Argues for the role of migration and diaspora in the creation of nationalist understandings and identity in the modern Middle East

This book brings to light the little-known story of Syrian-Lebanese migrant mobilizations around the 1925 Syrian Revolt against the French Mandate. Situated within the wider context of the emergent post-World War I international system, the book centres Syrian-Lebanese transnational efforts as central to understanding the fluid era of the 1920s. From the League of Nations in Geneva to the banquet halls of Detroit, global Syrians acted as synapses connecting networks within and beyond the French Mandate as they clamoured to create change back home. Syrian-Lebanese diaspora networks drew in and entangled a French colonial infrastructure that became vulnerable to migrant mobilizations, prompting the French to combat the rebellion outside of Mandatory borders.

Syria’s Transnational Rebellion shows how diasporic activities challenged the emerging postwar order even as it helped solidify its norms, crystallized a separatist Lebanese nationalism, and tested the limitations of nation-states in formation.

Reviews

Immensely readable and meticulously researched, this book charts the post-World War I Syrian fight for independence and statehood in new and thought-provoking ways. Placing the 1925 Syrian Revolt against the French Mandate at the centre of her analysis, Bailony writes a compelling story of how diaspora politics, and the patriotic aspirations of migrants, reverberated across the Middle East, Europe and the United States — shaping insurgent geographies, past and present.
This magnificent new book shows that Syrian revolutionaries and their diaspora allies have a century of history and memory from which to draw. Reem Bailony, making use of archives in the Americas, Europe and the Middle East, shows vividly and with great originality that Syria's 1925 Revolution involved a complicated mix of rebels, revolutionaries, exiles, migrants and activists at home and abroad, and that their efforts have escaped notice or understanding, until now. This book is a spellbinding triumph of transnational history.
Syria’s Transnational Rebellion is an authoritative contribution to multiple historiographies: the transnational history of the 1925 Syrian Revolt, the history of mandate Syria and Lebanon, and the broader debates on sectarianism, nationalism, diaspora, and homeland relations. Bailony’s innovative use of multilingual primary sources, archival material, and press coverage engenders a nuanced understanding of the 1925 Revolt’s local-global and transnational dimensions, as well as the processes through which new identities, forms of belonging, and state borders were constructed in the interwar Syria and Lebanon. Bailony’s careful scholarship, analytical rigor, and rich archival work make this book essential reading for historians of the Middle East, diaspora studies, and transnational political movements.
Table of contents

List of Figures
Acknowledgements

Timeline of Events
Cast of Players


Introduction: Diaspora Mobilisation and a Changing World Order

1. Geneva: The Mahjar, the Mandate and the Syro-Palestinian Congress
2. Damascus: Global Reverberations of a City under Bombs
3. Rashaya: Transnational Suffering and the Making of Lebanon
4. Detroit: Uncle Sam and Amir Shakib Arslan
5. Al-Azraq: Refugees, Rebels and the Children of the Desert

Conclusion: Reckoning with Revolutionary Echoes

Bibliography
Index

About the author

Reem Bailony

Reem Bailony is an Associate Professor of Middle East History at Agnes Scott College in Decatur, Georgia. She is previously a Druze Postdoctoral Fellow at Georgetown’s Center for Contemporary Studies and a Senior Smithsonian Institution Research Fellow.

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