New Perspectives in Ontology

Schelling's Late Philosophy of Religion

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Published 31 March 2027

About this book

Reconstructs Schelling’s late philosophy as a unified project centred on the philosophy of religion

  • Offers a new interpretation of the structure of Schelling’s late system and clarifies the dynamic interplay between negative and positive philosophy
  • Develops a revised account of the formation and transformation of religious consciousness, integrating Schelling’s reflections on mythology, Christianity and secularisation
  • Draws on close readings of Schelling’s late works, lecture courses, letters and diaries
  • Contributes to ongoing discussions on the relation between metaphysics, historicity, and religion, showing how Schelling’s late thought moves beyond both rationalist and historicist paradigms

Tommaso Mauri offers a new reconstruction of F.W.J. Schelling’s late philosophy as a philosophy of religion shaped by the irreducible tension between metaphysical reason and historical eventfulness. Rather than dissolving this tension into a final synthesis, Schelling develops a polar framework in which concept and event, ideality and factuality, remain in an unresolved yet generative relation.

Mauri clarifies the architecture of Schelling’s final system by tracing the development of positive philosophy and its interplay with negative philosophy. He then examines the genesis of religious consciousness, showing how Schelling’s interpretations of mythology, Christianity and secularisation articulate a rigorously non-reductive account of religion. Finally, he offers a focus on the concept of philosophical religion, conceived as a third historical form that emerges after both mythology and revealed religion.

By following the internal development of Schelling’s thought, Mauri argues that his late philosophy provides a powerful framework for rethinking religion not only within modernity but also in our present.

Table of contents

Acknowledgements
Preface

1. SCHELLING’S LATEST SYSTEM
1. Which Schelling?
1.1. The 1809 turn
1.2. The 1827 turn
2. Unity and discontinuity of the late philosophy
2.1. The first phase (1827-1837)
2.2. The second phase (1838-1846)
2.3. The third phase (1846-1854)
3. Structure and meaning of the final system
3.1. Philological and editorial history of the texts of late philosophy
3.2. Negative and positive philosophy
4. The method of positive philosophy
4.1. The ‘phenomenological’ approach
4.2. The scientific-positive method

2. SCHELLING’S THEORY OF MYTHOLOGY
1. The religious interpretation of mythology
1.1. The method of the Historical-Critical Introduction
1.2. Mythology as necessary theogonic process in consciousness
2. The God-positing consciousness as subject of mythology
2.1. Schelling and religious anthropology
3. The genesis of the mythological process: the Sündenfall
3.1. Between freedom and necessity
4. Sündenfall as a privileged viewpoint on Schelling’s thought
4.1. First steps
4.2. Sin as ‘fall’ in the identity-system: the Platonic influence
4.3. Beyond Plato: the reassessment of finitude and the historical immanentism
4.4. Sündenfall and the value of the political
5. Mythology as the history of the genesis of self-consciousness

3. PROLEGOMENA TO A SCIENTIFIC MYTHOLOGY
1. Project and outcome of the Philosophical Introduction
1.1. Systematic unity of the Historical-Critical and the Philosophical Introduction
1.2. Genesis and structure of the purely rational philosophy
1.3. The development of the Presentation of the Purely Rational Philosophy
2. The doctrine of the potencies
2.1. The empirical-noetical method
2.2. The potencies in the pure thought
2.3. The realised potencies
3. The monotheism
4. The concrete unfolding of mythology
4.1. Summary outline of the mythological process
4.2. Three a-mythological elements
5. Mysteries as the natural transition from paganism to Christianity
5.1. Erst Erfahrung, dann Lehre
5.2. Mysteries and Christian revelation: the relation between natural and supernatural
5.3. Dionysus and Christ

4. WHAT IS CHRISTIANITY?
1. What Christianity is not
1.1. The critique of scholastic metaphysics
1.2. The critique of Enlightenment theology
1.3. The critique of Kant’s moralistic reduction
2. Christianity between history and eternity
3. Idealistic Christology and the system of identity
3.1. Christianity, history and speculation (I)
3.2. The allegorical Christ
3.3. A provisional Christianity
4. The Philosophy of revelation as Christology
4.1. Christianity, history and speculation (II)
4.2. Christ as an autonomous personality
5. Christianity without faith?
5.1 At the beginning of science: Faith as trust in knowledge
5.2. At the end of science: Faith as a certainty that overcomes all doubt
5.3. Beyond science: Faith as a personal experience

5. SCHELLING’S LATE PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY
1. History in the organism of times
1.1. The beginning of history
1.2. History and progress
1.3. The future and the end of history
2. Religion as periodising factor
2.1. The discovery of a specific religious principle
2.2. Revealed religion and axial revolution
2.3. Modern philosophy as a religious phenomenon
3. Schelling as a secularisation theorist: between metaphysics and philosophy of history
3.1. The autonomy of reason in On the Source of the Eternal Truths
3.2. Human autonomy and secularisation
3.3. Purely rational philosophy as an ‘Immanent Frame’
4. Religion and the State
4.1. Schelling’s late political philosophy
4.2. Schelling’s late political eschatology

6. PHILOSOPHICAL RELIGION
1. The development of the concept
2. Philosophical religion and Hegel’s absolute knowledge
3. Philosophical religion and ecclesiology
3.1. A polar ecclesiology
3.2. The Church of John
4. Philosophical religion, chiliasm and the ‘New Mythology’
5. Philosophical religion today
5.1. Religious secularism
5.2. Virtual contributionism
5.3. Critical evaluation
5.4. From religions to religious experience

Bibliography

About the author

Tommaso Mauri

Tommaso Mauri is a Researcher in the History of Philosophy at Sophia University Institute in Loppiano, Florence. His research focuses on German Idealism, especially Schelling and Jacobi, and on philosophy of religion, with broader interests in philosophy of history and metaphysics.
He received his PhD in Philosophy from the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Milan) and was a visiting researcher at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. His work has appeared in international journals such as Philosophisches Jahrbuch, Kabiri, and Discipline filosofiche.

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