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Party Organisation after the Square Movements in Europe

By Seongcheol Kim, Lazaros Karavasilis and Martin Nonhoff

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Published 31 October 2026

About this book

Explores new forms of party organisation following the post-2010/11 square movements in Europe

  • Examines new forms of party organisation following the post-2010/11 square movements in Europe
  • Introduces cross-national comparative perspective to the study of party-organisational responses to major protest episodes
  • Based on wide-ranging primary sources spanning six countries and languages (Eastern, Western, Southern Europe)
  • Develops new discursive-organisational approach to studying movements and political parties, drawing on the distinction between horizontalism and verticalism

Party Organisation after the Square Movements in Europe examines the party-political afterlives of the post-2010/11 movements of the squares through a comparative lens. Spanning a wide range of party projects from the radical left to the far right, it traces new forms of party organisation that emerged in response to major square protests in six European countries: 15-M/Indignados in Spain, Aganaktismenoi in Greece, 'For fair elections' in Russia, Euromaidan in Ukraine, PEGIDA in Germany and Yellow Vests in France. The book develops an original framework of discursive–organisational analysis (DOA) based on post-foundational discourse analysis following Laclau and Mouffe.

Drawing on the analytical vocabulary of horizontalism and verticalism, the book develops a cross-national typology of post-squares party forms along the overarching classificatory dimension of horizontalism/verticalism. The party types within this classificatory scheme range from movement parties as a paradigmatically horizontalist form of party organisation to leader-centred digital parties such as Podemos and France Insoumise.

Reviews

This impressive work draws on a wealth of empirical material to examine how the square movements of the 2010s shaped European party politics. Party Organisation after the Square Movements breaks new ground by explaining how the square movements opened up a new discursive space within the world of institutionalised party politics.
Table of contents

List of Abbreviations
List of Figures and Tables
Acknowledgements

Introduction: Party Politics and the Movements of the Squares in Europe

Chapter 1. Horizontality, Verticality, and Party Organisation After the Squares: A Theoretical Framework

Chapter 2. Discursive-Organisational Analysis: A Methodological Framework

Chapter 3. After 15-M: New forms of Party Organisation in Spain between Horizontalism and Verticalism

Chapter 4. After the Aganaktismenoi: Left and Right Iterations of Verticalist Party Organisation in Greece

Chapter 5. After the For Fair Elections Protests: New Forms of Party Organisation and Oppositional Politics in Russia

Chapter 6. After Euromaidan: New Forms of Party Organisation in Ukraine Within and Beyond the Business-firm Party Model

Chapter 7. After PEGIDA: New Forms of Verticalist Party Organisation on the Far Right in Germany

Chapter 8. After the Yellow Vests: Left and Right Iterations of Verticalism in France

Conclusions: Party Organisation After the Squares in Comparative Perspective

Bibliography

About the contributors

Seongcheol Kim

Seongcheol Kim was a Privatdozent and researcher at the University of Bremen during the completion of this book. Having completed his Doctorate in 2020 (Humboldt University of Berlin) and Habilitation in 2023 (University of Bremen), he has held interim and visiting professorships in Bremen and Vienna and co-led a three-year research project funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). He has authored five monographs (two of them as lead co-author) and over two dozen (mostly single-authored) peer-reviewed articles, including in some of the leading journals of comparative politics, political theory, and European/Eurasian area studies, in addition to numerous science communication and commentary pieces. His research encompasses topics such as authoritarianism, nationalism, populism, radical democracy as well as political parties and contentious politics from the radical left to the far right, with a wide-ranging cross-national expertise encompassing Central and Eastern, Southern, and Western Europe.

Lazaros Karavasilis

Lazaros Karavasilis is Postdoctoral Researcher at the Institute for Research on Far-Right Extremism (IRex), University of Tübingen, and at the Digital Transitions & Society Research Unit (DIGITS), University of Nicosia. His research focuses on the study of political parties, discourse analysis, populism, and the European radical left and radical right, within a comparative perspective. He is currently a co-editor of e-Extreme, the newsletter of the ECPR Extremism & Democracy Standing Group and has published journal articles, book reviews, and opinion articles in newspapers.

Martin Nonhoff

Martin Nonhoff is Professor of Political Theory at the Institute of Intercultural and International Studies, University of Bremen, Germany. He focuses on discourse theory and (radical) democratic theory. He is co-editor of the critically acclaimed Handbook of Radical Democratic Theory (in German, with Suhrkamp). He is chairman of the Political Theory and Intellectual History Section of the German Association for Political Science and one of the principal investigators of the Research Training Group on Contradiction Studies at the University of Bremen (funded by the German Research Foundation).