Future Law: Challenges for Law, Technology and Culture

Buying your Self on the InternetWrap Contracts and Personal Genomics

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About this book

Examines the direct-to-consumer genetic testing industry’s controversial use of ‘wrap’ contracts

This book provides an introduction to the world of personal genomics and examines the rise of the direct-to-consumer genetic testing industry (DTC) and its use of 'wrap' contracts. It explores the different types of tests available and the issues that this industry raises for law and society.

Table of contents

Table of Statutes Table of Cases

  1. Direct-To-Consumer Genetic Testing and Regulating Disruptive Technology

  • Introduction
  • Aims of This Book
  • Guidance for Readers
  • What Is Personal Genomics or Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing?
  • Summary of How DTC Services Operate
  • Bringing Disruptive Technology to the Public
  • Data Deluge
  • Methodology
  • How Should the DTC Industry Be Regulated? The Policy Response to Date
  • Sources of Law Which Might Be Applicable to DTC in the UK and EU
  • What Can Go Wrong?
  • Conclusion
    1. The Science behind that Click of the Mouse

  • Introduction
  • The Nature of Genetic Information and Genetic Exceptionalism
  • Recent Advances in Genetic and Genomic Science
  • Conclusion
    1. The Rise of Personal Genomics – Overview of the Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Industry

  • Introduction
  • Overview of the DTC Industry
  • Health Tests
  • Ancestry Testing
  • Genetic Relatedness Testing
  • Testing for Athletic Ability
  • Testing for Child Talent and Testing of Children
  • Surreptitious (‘Infidelity’) Testing
  • Match Making Testing
  • Conclusion
    1. Privacy, Data Protection, and Security in the Context of Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Services

  • Introduction
  • General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
  • The UK’s Data Protection Legislation
  • Privacy Policies and Notices and Website Design
  • US Privacy Law
  • Canadian Genetic Privacy Law
  • Secondary Use of Genetic Databases – the Golden State Killer and Beyond
  • Indigenous Peoples and Data Sovereignty
  • Privacy Best Practices for Consumer Genetics Testing Services (July 2018)
  • Conclusion
    1. Clicking Away Rights in DNA: A Review of DTC Contracts

  • Introduction
  • Challenging Unfair Terms in DTC Contracts
  • Conclusion
    1. Future Directions for DTC Governance

  • Note for Readers Interested in Purchasing DTC Tests
  • Suggestions for Reform
  • Final Thoughts

    1. Bibliography

      About the author

      Andelka M. Phillips

      Andelka M. Phillips is Associate Professor, School of Law, University of Leicester, UK, and Academic Affiliate, HeLEX Centre, University of Oxford, United Kingdom, and Affiliate, Bioethics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Belgium. Andelka is also now an Associate Member of the Centre for Commercial Law at the University of Aberdeen, Scotland.

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